F-35 is not an Ideal Choice for India

The recent Pentagon report on US-India Security Cooperation which indicates the possible sale of the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter to India has created a hubbub in the media. Some have even gone to the extent of suggesting that New Delhi should scrap its ongoing, half-a-decade, effort to procure 126 Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft from European countries and instead buy the F-35, the only fifth generation fighter that is available for international customers. However, a careful analysis would show that the F-35 is not an ideal choice for India for a variety of reasons ranging from the delay in its developmental schedule, a tight production line, prohibitive cost, India’s own efforts to jointly develop and produce a fifth generation fighter with its traditional supplier, Russia, and little technological or industrial benefits that would accrue to India from the F-35 purchase.

The first and foremost reason why F-35 is not the ideal choice for India is that the fighter is yet to come out from its developmental phase to the production floor and for exports. The radar evading plane, the biggest ever collaborative project involving the US and eight international partners (UK, Canada, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Italy Turkey and Australia), is still facing many design and technological complexities, which have pushed back the original induction schedule by three years from 2013 to 2016. Even if New Delhi believes in the revised induction schedule and places orders now, deliveries to India are unlikely to commence immediately thereafter. With over 3,000 assured orders for the F-35, including 2,443 units from the US alone, Lockheed Martin, the prime contractor for the plane, would be constrained in meeting its export obligations before executing the existing orders.

The second reason why F-35 is of little relevance to India is because New Delhi’s own efforts to jointly build and develop the Fifth Generation Fighter Aircraft (FGFA) with Russia. Consequent to the government-to-government agreement in 2007, India’s state-owned Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) and Rosoboronexport of Russia signed an agreement in 2010 for the preliminary design (PD) of the FGFA at a cost of $295 million. As per the agreement, HAL and Sukhoi Design Bureau (Russia) will undertake the PD for 18 months, followed by Full Scale Design and Development to be undertaken in a separate contract. India has already made it clear that it wishes to procure around 250 FGFAs, with the likely induction starting from 2018 onwards. Given this, it will be quite difficult, if not impossible, for India to go with the US which would be the only county in the world to operate two classes of 5th generation fighters (F-22 and F-35) in the coming years.

The third reason why F-35 is not an ideal choice for India is because of the fighter’s prohibitive cost. As reported by the Pentagon’s Select Acquisition Report, issued in December 2010, the unit procurement cost of F-35 (at 2010 prices) stands at $132.8 million. For the non cost-sharing international customers, the unit cost would be much higher because they are expected to pay a part of the F-35’s developmental cost, which has ballooned to total nearly $55 billion at the end of 2010. The higher price for non-partnering nations is evident from the unit cost of $144.7 million that Israel has agreed to pay for 19 of these fighter aircraft. At this price tag, affordability becomes the key issue for India, whose whole annual defence capital acquisition budget barely matches with the US’s one year F-35 acquisition cost. Although it can be argued that a few F-35s can perform the role of many existing or planned planes in the IAF’s inventory, this argument does not hold ground as the ongoing debate in India between numbers and capability still favours the former.

Last, but not the least, from the defence industrial and technological point of view, there is little that India can benefit from the procurement of F-35, which, if at all happens, will most likely be an off-the-shelf purchase, rather than involve technology transfer to India for license production. Technological secrecy has been a major cornerstone of the US defence programme in general and F-35 in particular. It is noteworthy that despite the F-35 being a multi-country developmental project, core technologies have been denied by the US to its partnering nations. This has often been a stumbling block between the US and its cost-sharing partners, forcing some to threaten to quit the project or reduce their procurement numbers of F-35s from what was originally intended. Even the UK, the closest ally of the US and the only level-1 partner for the F-35 programme, has been denied some core technologies to independently maintain and upgrade the fighter. Compared to this likely technology denial, India’s initial contribution to the FGFA is believed to be around 25 per cent, which can progressively increase if HAL shows maturity in its indigenisation process. Given the technological and industrial benefits of the FGFA and the absence thereof with respect to the F-35, it makes little sense for India to choose the F-35

Weekly Defence News Report (WDNR) - June 21-27, 2010

Rs 15,000 crore Sukhoi deal cleared

Josy Joseph, The Times of India, June 26, 2010

The Cabinet Committee on Security earlier this month quietly cleared one of the biggest defence orders of recent times. The almost Rs 15,000 crore order for an additional 42 Sukhoi-30 MKI fighters would add up the total number of these modern Russian fighters for Indian Air Force to 272. When the entire Sukhoi-30 MKIs, including the 42, are delivered to IAF by around 2018, it would become the single largest type of fighters in service, marking a huge technological transition from the dominance of MIG-21 fighters today. A senior official said the CCS cleared the new order in the first week of June. By the time HAL begins manufacture of the 42 aircraft sometime in 2014, each of them would cost in the range of Rs 350 crore, according to present day projections. The new order for Sukhoi-30 MKIs comes even as attention is fully on the tender floated by the Air Force for $10 billion worth 126 MMRCA (medium multi role combat aircraft). But by the time the MMRCA enters the service, it would be the Sukhoi-30 MKI that would actually be the dominant fighter of the Air Force. And the combined contract value of SU-30 MKIs would be more than double that of the MMRCA. The Su-30 MKI was originally contracted in 1996, when the Russian military-industrial complex was in a shambles after the Soviet Union collapsed. Its design and capabilities, however, continues to impress globally. The initial contract was for 50 fighters, at $1.46 billion. Over the years, the numbers kept increasing. In 2000, the government contracted the licenced production of 140 of these highly advanced fighters by the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. Then another 40 were added to the contract. The present order for 42 fighters was originally supposed to be 40, but two more were added to the order book to make up for the two crashed fighters. A senior official said that HAL is expected to complete all the SU-30 MKI orders by 2016-17 period. HAL has been steadily stepping up its Sukhoi-30 MKI delivery schedules. While last year it delivered 23 of these fighters, this year it is expected to produce 28. HAL has already supplied 74 of these fighters.

LCA's Naval version prepares to roll out

Sify News, June 26, 2010

India's first indigenous Naval Light Combat Aircraft, the LCA (Navy) NP1 is scheduled to roll out from the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) Aircraft Research and Design Centre (ARDC) design hangar on July 6.The Defence Ministry has said that the aircraft will be an important milestone for the prestigious Naval Program of Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA), Bangalore. The Chief of The Naval Staff Admiral Nirmal Verma would be the Chief Guest at the function. 'Roll-Out' is a significant milestone when the aircraft is brought out of the build hangar, where the aircraft is actually assembled part by part, ready for the phase of systems integration tests leading to Ground runs, taxi trials and flight. Once the ground based tests are completed, the NP1 is expected to fly by the end of this year and the NP2 is likely to fly by the end of 2011. The aircraft, with state of the art technologies and punch, is designed to operate from the future Indigenous aircraft carriers the Navy plans to acquire. The LCA (Navy) program was sanctioned by the Government in 2003. The first stage of development includes design and fabrication of one Trainer and one Fighter, NP1 and NP2 respectively, along with a Shore Based Test Facility (SBTF) at Goa. The SBTF will be used to simulate carrier take off and arrested landing. The NP1 would be flying with the GE-F-404-IN20 engine and is designed for ski jump take off and arrested landing. The only carrier borne aircraft in the light category in the world, it will be operating with a wide variety of operational weapons and equipment like the Beyond Visual Range (BVR) missile, Anti-ship Missiles, Conventional bombs, Air Defence guns, CCM's and drop tanks. The Indian Navy, the Centre for Military Airworthiness and Certification (CEMILAC) and Directorate General of Aeronautical Quality Assurance (DGAQA), in the development of its aircraft, have played an important role right from its inception supporting the program.


Lift ban on DRDO, ISRO, India tells US

The Economic Times, June 25, 2010

India has asked the US to remove vital defence research organisations ISRO and DRDO from the entities list. ISRO and DRDO were put on American technology export control blacklist after the 1998 Pokhran nuclear blast. “Now that the Indo-US relationship has gained a new momentum with the Strategic Dialogue, it makes no sense to keep vital research organisations like Indian Space and Research Organisation (ISRO) and Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) in the entities list,” commerce and industry minister Anand Sharma, who is on a visit to the US, said. The minister also asked US companies to invest in defence sector in the country and assured major liberalisation in the FDI policy. In his interaction with US officials, the minister said it was high time that the US removed restrictions placed on DRDO and ISRO as they are very actively involved in partnership or in co-ordination with the US agencies. The minister also said India cannot be bracketed with other countries as its record in missile and nuclear non-proliferation was exemplary. On the investments in defence sector , the minister said technology inflow would not be restricted to defence field only but also have multiple industrial application. “We are open to foreign investments in defence. India is willing to change. We have friendly investment regime and there is very little negative list,” he said. On the demand to raise the FDI cap in defence sector to 49%, the minister said a debate was on the country which could lead to a change in the policy.

Govt may allow higher FDI in Defence
Mayur Shekhar Jha, NDTV.com, June 23, 2010

Finance minister Pranab Mukherjee has said that the government is on track, when it comes to foreign investment in defence. He was speaking at the Indo-US CEO forum in Washington. The finance minister's assurance comes after the department of industrial policy and planning had moved a discussion paper earlier this year, recommending up to 74 per cent FDI in the defence sector. Sources in the government say that in the near term, the government would only look at raising the cap to 49 per cent from 26 per cent at present. The finance minister's words would have also reassured several Indian corporations including Tatas, Mahindras, Larsen & Toubro, BHEL and BEML, along with international players like Lockheed Martin, EADS and Raytheon, who are looking for a share of the defence pie. However, the move could blow up into a political debate. “The move could lead to an increased dependence on foreign capital for our defence needs,” said Prosenjit Bose, convener of the research wing of the CPI(M). To address these concerns, the DIPP (Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion) discussion paper has suggested the use of specific riders, such as imposing a condition that the successful bidder would have to set up the system integration facility in India with a certain minimum percentage of value addition in India. The hurry on government's part is quite understandable. India is one of the largest users and importers of conventional defence equipment and ranks among the top ten countries in the world in terms of military expenditure. According to estimates, nearly 70 per cent of our defence requirements are met through imports – a trend that the government wants to reverse, but cannot do so, unless foreign expertise, technology and capital is not tapped.

Weekly Defence News Report (WDNR) - March 29-April 04, 2010

• India launches third indigenous destroyer, INS Chennai

April 01, 2010

India launched its third destroyer, INS Chennai at Mazgoan Docks Ltd (MDL). The 130-meter long indigenously designed warship, to be constructed under the code name Project 15-Alpha, will be inducted into Navy in August 2013. The advanced ship will have stealth features and will be armed with supersonic BrahMos surface-to-surface missile system. The construction of the ship will use a ‘Pontoon Assisted Launching’ method, in collaboration with Baltisky Zavod of St. Petersburg, Russia.

• HAL’s Light Combat Helicopter makes successful maiden flight

March 29, 2010

Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd’s (HAL) Light Combat Helicopter, made its first flight test at its Helicopter Complex, Bangalore. The 5.5 ton indigenously designed and developed attack helicopter, a derivative of HAL’s Advanced Light Helicopter, flew for 20 minutes and performance of various parameters was found ‘satisfactory’. The maiden test marks the culmination of three years of design and developmental efforts of HAL. The helicopter, which features “Weapon Systems, Mission Systems and Crashworthy Wheel Landing Gear with in-built Stealth characteristics, will be inducted into the armed forces after initial operational clearance by December 2012.

• ISRO aims for low-cost access to space

April 04, 2010

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is working on GSLV Mk3 that will bring down the cost of accessing space. The Chairman of IRSO K. Radhakrishnan noted that GSLV Mk3 with indigenous cryogenic technology will reduce the launch cost by a half from present 20,000 per kg. The Chairman also noted that India’s human space flight programme will put two Indians in an orbit around the Earth. A project report has been submitted to the government for approval.

Weekly Defence News Report (WDNR) - March 22-28, 2010

• L&T to build 36 boats for Coast Guard

March 22, 2010

Reports noted that India’s leading technology, engineering, construction and manufacturing company, Larsen and Turbo (L&T) has bagged an order worth 970 crore from the Ministry of Defence for supply 36 high speed interceptor boats to the Coast Guard. The boats are to be designed by the company’s own design centre and constructed at its Hazira-based shipyard. The MoD’s contract is in view of its various initiatives to strengthen costal security.

• Government mulling 100 per cent FDI in defence; NSC wants extra filter in clearing FDI proposals

May 25, 2010

In what could be major policy development, the government is considering a proposal to allow 100 per cent FDI in defence production. The Ministry of Commerce has sent a ‘note’ to the Cabinet Secretariat for discussion on allowing foreign companies to bring in 100 per cent equity to set up their own manufacturing or integration centres in India. Allaying the concerns that India based fully foreign-owned companies may not be the county’s security interest, the note argues that the same concern remain in case of direct import and hence can not be cited for opposing higher FDI.

In a related developed the National Security Council (NSC), a body which reports to PM, has proposed a layer in addition to the existing Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB), for filtering inflow of foreign equity into the country. The Council’s proposal is in view of concerns “over flow of funds from inimical forces into the nation masquerading as FDI in sensitive areas of defence, telecom, pharmaceutical and airports.”

• Dhanush, Prithvi-II missiles test-fired successfully

March 27, 2010

India successfully test fired on same day two of its indigenously developed, nuclear capable missiles, Dhanush and Prithiv-II. The test was conducted by the country’s Strategic Forces Command (SCF) as part of user-training exercise, in the presence of high-officials from the premier Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Both the missiles, tested in salvo-mode, hit the pre-identified targets with high degree of accuracy.

Dhanush, a naval version of Prithvi missile, has a flight range of 250 km, and can carry a payload of about 500 kg. The missile has been weaponised on INS Subhadra and Suwarna. Prithvi-II is a surface-to-surface missile, has the same flight range and payload capacity as Dhanush.

• Agni-I test-fired successfully

March 28, 2010

A day after successful test of Dhanush and Prithvi-II missiles, India test succsfully fired its nuclear capable Agni-I missile from the Wheeler Island off the Orissa coast. "It was a fantastic mission carried out by the Indian Army. The test-firing of the Agni-I missile met all parameters," S P Dash, the director of Integrated Test Range. The missile, which can carry one tonne warhead with a flight range of 750 km, was equipped with a new navigational technology to help it to home on to the target.

Rising Dragon, Slumbering Elephant*

World Politics Review, March 26, 2010

Laxman Kumar Behera

Recently, both China and India increased their official defense budgets for fiscal year 2010, to $78 billion and $32 billion, respectively (although according to Western observers, China's actual military spending is up to three times the official figures). In doing so, Beijing raised its defense allocation by 7.5 percent, and New Delhi by just under 4 percent. Besides the differences in absolute budget and percentage growth, the two countries also demonstrate contrasting approaches to achieving their overall military objectives. For China, defense spending is a means toward achieving long-term power ambitions and military supremacy, while India is caught in an exercise of resource allocation, devoid of long-term goals. The result, visible in the two countries' military capabilities, is distinctly favorable to China.

*:The article was first published in World Politics Review on March 26, 2010. To read the complete article click on http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/article.aspx?id=5338 (freely availabel till April 03, 2010).

Weekly Defence News Report (WDNR) - March 15-21, 2010

India signs final agreement with Russia for Nerpa submarine

March 17, 2010

Reports noted that India and Russia have signed the ‘final lease and training agreement’ for Nerpa K-152 (Akula-II class) nuclear submarine during Prime Minister Vladmir Putin’s recent visit to New Delhi. Under the agreement, New Delhi will send a 50-member crew to Russia for training, following which the over 12, 000 tonne underwater vessel would be leased to India for 10 years. The submarine, to be rechristened INS Chakra when inducted into Indian navy, will however not be armed with long-range nuclear missile as its transfer is prohibited under the international treaty, Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). Nerpa’s primary roles will be to train Indian sailors of Indian Navy. The training assumes importance given India’s own indigenous efforts to build and operate a range of nuclear submarines. The INS Arihant, the first nuclear submarine to be constructed by India, is expected to become operational in 2011-12. As per reports, India is planning to “have three SSBNs (nuclear-powered submarines with long-range missiles) and six SSNs (nuclear-powered attack submarines) in the long-term.”

BEML bags 632 Cr defence order

March 19, 2010

Reports noted that BEML, one of the eight defence public sector undertakings under the defence ministry, has bagged orders worth 632 crors for supply of 788 Tatra vehicles. This order comprises of BEML Tatra Variants of 498 Nos of 8x8, 278 Nos of 6x6 (with Winch) and 12 Nos. of 6x6 (without Winch) to Indian Army. All the vehicles are to be delivered to Indian Army within a period of 18 months. The MoD has made 50 per cent advance payment.

Russia to bid for US defence contract

March 19, 2010

Report noted that Russia’s state-owned United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) is planning to bid for US Air Force’s (USAF) $35 billion tanker contract. Russia will however partner with a “small U.S. defense contractor” for its offer, based on Ilyushin Il-96 wide-body jetliner, a four engine airliner. A formal announcement is expected from the UAC on 22 March 2010.

Weekly Defence News Report (WDNR) - March 01-07, 2010

• Private sector sidelined in RS. 10,000 cr TCS project

Reports noted that Ministry of Defence (MoD) is “abandoning competitive” bid to award a 10,000 crore contract to develop Tactical Communication System (TCS) for the Army. The move could sideline six private sector companies - Wipro, Mahindra Defence Systems, Tata Power, L&T, Rolta and HCL – who were vetted by the Ministry to participate in the contract. The state-owned Bharat Electronics Ltd (BEL) is most likely to get the contract.

The TCS, when developed, will be a fully mobile network. It will allow the Army to have “network on which it can safely communicate and transfer data. The advantage of the network is that “messages sent out over the TCS cannot be easily intercepted or jammed since they will not remain on a single frequency; instead, transmissions will hop frequencies, dozens of times every second, in a pre-programmed sequence.”

• China's 2010 defence budget to grow by 7.5%

China’s defence budget for 2010 is planned to grow by 7.5 per cent to 532.115 billion yuan (about 78 billion U.S. dollars), said Li Zhaoxing, spokesman for the annual session of the National People's Congress (NPC). Accounting for 6.4 per cent of total fiscal expenditure, the defence budget will be” mainly spent to support the reform of the country's military and improve its capability to deal with varied threats and complete diversified tasks.” added Li.

Budgeting for India’s Defence: An Analysis of Defence Budget 2010-11 and the Likely Impact of the 13th Finance Commission on Future Defence Spending

The Union Budget 2010-11 has raised the defence outlays to Rs. 1,47,344 crore (US $31.9 billion). This represents a growth rate of a mere 3.98 per cent, in nominal terms (or 0.3 per cent in real terms) over the previous years’ allocation of Rs. 1,41,703 crore, and far below the 34 per cent nominal increase witnessed in the budget for 2009-10. The sudden dip in the defence budget’s growth rate follows two related steps taken by the government. While the first one is related to the government’s resolve about fiscal consolidation, the second is on account of the acceptance by the government of the recommendation of the Thirteenth Finance Commission (TFC). This commentary analyses the latest defence budget as well as the likely impact of TFC’s recommendation on India’s future defence spending.

For complete article click on http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/BudgetingforIndiasDefence2010-11_lkbehera_030310

Weekly Defence News Report (WDNR) - February 15-21, 2010

• Defence Offsets worth Rs.49,000 crores to be finalised in next couple of years

February 16, 2010

India will finalise defence offsets worth Rs. 49, 000 crores in next few years, said India’s Minister of State for Defence, Pallam Raju. In a speech delivered in a conference organised by the PHD Chamber at DefExpo–2010, the Minister Said: “There are 41 offset contact worth more than Rs. 49000 crores in the pipeline at various stages of negotiations which are going to materialise in the next couple of year.” So far, the MoD has signed 10 offset contracts worth Rs. 8,200 crores. Apart from state-owned DPSUs and OFs, 31 private companies have received offsets.

• Akash missiles to be deployed in North-East

February 16, 2010

Reports noted that India is planning to deploy surface-to-air Akash missile in North-East. As per the plan, the India Air Force (IAF) will deploy eight squadrons of the missile at the cost of over Rs. 6,100 crores by 2015, with the first squadron being expected to come up by 2011. The deployment is part of Indian defence forces’ plan to step up military preparedness, in move to “counter China’s massive build-up of military infrastructure all along the unresolved 4057-km Line of Actual Control (LAC).” In other measures, the Indian Army is raising two infantry mountain divisions and an artillery brigade in Arunanchal Pradesh. The infantry division, which will have 1260 officers and 35,011 soldiers, is expected to go operational in 2012. The IAF is raising two squadrons of Su-30 MKI, one each in Tezpur and Chabua in Assam.

• Army wants to ‘dump’ Insas rifle

February 18, 2010

Reports noted that the Indian Army wants to ‘dump’ the indigenous assault rifle Insas, developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). A global RFP (request for proposal) has been issued by the Army for a new assault rifle, stipulating that the rifle’s weight needs to be lighter than 3.5 kg. The Insas, which weighs 4.1 kg, may find it difficult to compete in the tender, unless some modification is carried out. The Army’s lack of enthusiasm for Insas is because “it does not measure up its requirements”.

Weekly Defence News Report (WDNR) - February 08-14, 2010

• India releases three joint military operational doctrines

February 09, 2010

General Deepak Kapoor, Chief of the Army Staff (COAS), and the Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee released three joint operational doctrines: Joint Doctrine for Sub Conventional Operations, Joint Doctrine for Electronic Warfare and Joint doctrine for Maritime Air Operations. “Since wars would be fought not only in air, on land and sea but also in cyberspace, on electronic fronts, along information highways and media fronts”, the Doctrines emphasise on enhancing joint fighting capabilities of the Indian armed forces. Formulated by the Headquarters Integrated Defence Staff (HQ IDS), a tri-service body under the Ministry of Defence, the “doctrines would fundamentally shape the way Armed Forces plan, think and train for military operations.”

• Indian to launch defence satellite

10 February 2010

Reports noted that Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) are developing a satellite “with sensors to pick up conversations and detect espionage activities” across the borders. The 100-crore satellite, to be placed in the lower-orbit by a polar satellite launch vehicle (PSLV), is likely to be launched in 2014. Among the components, Defence Avionics Research Establishment (DARE) and Defence Electronics and Research Laboratory (DLRL) will jointly develop the electronic warfare system of the satellite, and Bharat Electronics Ltd. (BEL) will manufacture the radar.

• HAL demands $10.5 million compensation from BAE for AJT Hawk troubles

February 10, 2010

Reports noted the Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL), the largest defence public sector undertaking under the Ministry of Defence has demanded $10.5 million compensation from UK’s BAE Systems for the ‘troubles’ in assembling Advanced Jet Trainer (AJT) Hawk. In 2004, India had signed a contract with BAE systems, under which 24 aircrafts were to be delivered off-the-shelf, and 42 to be assembled by HAL. During the assembly, the HAL however faced problems in re-tooling and re-designing the components supplied by BAE, resulting in delay in its schedule.

• HAL, Boeing sign $4.5 million offset deal

February 12, 2010

US company Boeing and HAL signed a $4.5 million offset deal, under which the Indian company would supply weapons bay doors for the P8-I maritime reconnaissance and anti-submarine aircraft. India had earlier signed a deal with the US major for supply of eight P8-I in a deal worth $2.1 billion. Under the India’s defence offset policy, Boeing is required to provide offsets of 30 per cent of the contract’s value to Indian defence industry.

Weekly Defence News Report (WDNR) - February 01-07, 2010

• L&T, EADS revive defence JV plan

February 05, 2010

Reports noted that India’s Larsen & Toubro (L&T) and Franco-German aerospace and defence group, EADS, are reworking on their defence JV plan after the said plan failed to get clearance earlier from the Government on the ground of non-conformity with the FDI policy. As per the revived plan, L&T will hold 74 per cent of the proposed JV and the rest by EADS. The Indian company is planning to step up its defence business from the present Rs 400 crores to Rs. 2,500 crores in next five year and the proposed JV is crucial in that direction. For EADS, “India is a key market … [and its] target is to establish long-lasting partnerships in India” Says the spokesperson for EADS Defence & Security.

• Agni-3 test fired Successfully

February 07, 2010

The fourth test of the nuclear capable Agni-III missile was test fired successfully from the Wheeler Island, situated in the Bay of Bengal off the coast of Odisha. A Government Press Release noted that the missile, with a flight range of 3,500 KM was “tested for the full range, hit the target with pin-point accuracy and met all the mission objectives.” The test was part of the user (the Army) trial and the missile is “now” expected to be “fully inducted into the armed forces.”

Agni-II is 17 meters long and 2 meters in diameter, has a launch weight of 50 tons. It is a two stage solid propellant system with a pay load capability of 1.5 tons. The first test of the in July 2006 had failed, but its second and third flights in April 2007 and May 2008 were successful. About 80 to 85 per cent of the components of the missile are indigenously developed. “The missile is equipped with a state of the art computer system, navigated with a most advanced Navigation system and guided with an innovative guidance scheme. The Navigation system used for guidance is first of its kind.”